Intense political, economic, and social changes over the past two decades, driven by globalization, have significantly impacted global societies. Mental health has become a major focus, prompting the World Health Organization (WHO) and various countries to develop programs for the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of mental disorders. Studies show that mental disorders contribute substantially to the global disease burden, with prevalence variations influenced by ethno-cultural factors, urbanization, poverty, and conflict.

In Russia, differences in mental morbidity rates are observed among ethnic groups such as Slavs, Caucasians, and Turkic-Mongols. Factors like pandemics, economic inequality, and human rights violations worsen the situation. The indirect costs of mental disorders exceed treatment expenses, significantly affecting families and society. Prevention efforts include mental health education, counseling, and controlling risk factors such as infections and trauma.

Investment in mental health is key to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Mental health epidemiology offers new approaches to assessing the impact of health policies, particularly in understudied BRICS, Asian, and African countries.

ABSTRAK

Perubahan politik, ekonomi, dan sosial yang intens dalam dua dekade terakhir, dipicu globalisasi, membawa dampak signifikan pada kehidupan masyarakat global. Kesehatan mental menjadi sorotan utama, mendorong Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) dan berbagai negara mengembangkan program deteksi, diagnosis, dan penanganan gangguan mental. Studi menunjukkan bahwa gangguan mental berkontribusi besar terhadap beban penyakit global, dengan variasi prevalensi dipengaruhi faktor etno-budaya, urbanisasi, kemiskinan, dan konflik.

Di Rusia, perbedaan angka morbiditas mental terlihat pada kelompok etnis seperti Slavia, Kaukasus, dan Turkik-Mongol. Faktor seperti pandemi, ketidaksetaraan ekonomi, dan pelanggaran hak asasi memperburuk situasi. Biaya tidak langsung gangguan mental melebihi biaya pengobatan, dengan dampak signifikan pada keluarga dan masyarakat. Upaya pencegahan meliputi edukasi kesehatan mental, konseling, dan pengendalian faktor risiko seperti infeksi dan trauma.

Investasi di sektor kesehatan mental menjadi kunci mencapai Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (SDGs). Epidemiologi gangguan mental menawarkan pendekatan baru untuk menilai dampak kebijakan kesehatan, terutama di negara BRICS, Asia, dan Afrika, yang masih kurang terdata.