International Indicator of healthy mother in a country is maternal mortality rate (MMR). In the year 2004, MMR ofSouth Sumatra Province was 467 per 100, 000 live births. That condition is lower than the target of Healthy South Sumatra 2008 and Healthy Indonesia 2010, that both MMR target are 175 each 100, 000 live birth. Based on Blum paradigm, behavior factor has strong influence on the community health status. The objective of this research is to get information on the relationship between behavior factors and maternal mortality. This is a case control study. Locations of research are 4 districts in South Sumatra Province, e.g Musi Banyu Asin, Muara Enim, Ogan Ilir, and Palembang in 2007. Respondents of case group were husband of dead mother and respondents of control group were mothers who were alive. Total sample were 78 mothers, from case group were 26 mothers and control group were 52 mothers. Results of the research were: l) Odd Ratio (OR) antenatal care (ANC) behavior was 3.5 (1.2 10.1), and 2) Odd Ratio (OR) birth attendant was 4.5 (1.4 — 14.1). Conclusions of the research were: l) Frequency of ANC influences maternal mortality. Pregnant women without ANC or with frequency of ANC < 4 have odd ratio of maternal mortality 3.5 times than pregnant women with frequency ANC > 4, and 2) Health behavior to choose the kind ofpartum provider influence maternal mortality. Mother with health behavior to choose non-health provider as birth attendant have odd ratio of maternal mortality 4.5 times than mother with health behavior to choose health provider as birth attendant.