Background: Generally, the area with low-poverty has low-prevalence of underweight among children underfives. However, there are some districts with lowpoverty, but they have high prevalence of underweight among children underfives, that called as negative deviance.

Objectives: The aim of data analysis was to study the difference factors of prevalence of underweight among children underfives in the districts with low-poverty.

Method: Data of the Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2007 was used for the analysis. The sample is households that have child underfives in the district with low-poverty. The total number of samples are 1051 households. Variables were consisted of parents education level, occupation, environmental sanitation, infant morbidity, infant growth monitoring, maternal hygiene, access to health services and immunization. The statistically analysis was conducted with X2 statistical test.

Results: There was a significant difference on parents education level, occupation, the number of household members, economic status, distance to health services (hospitals, co health-centers [PustuJ), household waste disposal channels, acute respiratory infection, mothers hygiene (hand washing habits), and the frequency of infants weighing with the prevalence of underweight among children underfives (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The factor that distinguishes the prevalence of underweight among children underfives are lack of education of the parents, occupation, the number of household members, household economic status, distance to health services (hospitals, health centers, physician practices), environmental sanitation, infants weighing frequency, mother's hand washing habits, and respiratory disease in infants. In the low-prevalence areas, the factors have a better condition than the high prevalence area.