Resistensi Vektor Malaria terhadap Insektisida di Dusun Karyasari dan Tukatpule Pulau Bali dan Desa Lendang Ree dan Labuhan Haji Pulau Lombok

Widiarti, Widiarti and Suskarndani, Suskarndani and Mujiono, Mujiono (2009) Resistensi Vektor Malaria terhadap Insektisida di Dusun Karyasari dan Tukatpule Pulau Bali dan Desa Lendang Ree dan Labuhan Haji Pulau Lombok. Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, 19 (3). pp. 154-164. ISSN 0853-9987

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Abstract

The global phenomenon of insecticides resistance in malaria vector has been recognized as a major problem by stakeholders of Communicable Disease Centre (CDC) program in developing countries including Indonesia. Resistance is inherited and has proved to be the biggest single barrier to successful chemical control of insect vectors. The continuity of along time period insecticide usage can produce mosquitoes resistance. Resistance to insecticide results from three main mechanism : I) insecticide penetration is reduce, 2) the insecticides is more efficiently metabolized by esterases, mixed function oxidases, or glutarhione trans/erase enzyme and, 3) the target of the insecticide is modified (insensitive acetylcholinesterase). The objectives of the study were a) to determine the potency of malaria vector from Bali and Lombok Island to be resistant to organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides. b) to determine the potency of agricultural pesticide contribute for malaria vector resistance. The research methods used were biochemical assays (microplate assays) for elevated esterase and insensitive acetylcholinesterase. The biochemically test were cross cheked using standard WHO methods (impregnated paper) respectively. The esterase activity and insensitive acetylcholinesterase were measured at 450 nm and 405 nm with a Dytech Elisa plate reader. The susceptibility test were carried out using 0, 5 % & 0, l % bendiocarb, 0,05 % deltamethrin, 0, 75 % permethrin dan 1,0 % fenitrothion, the diagnostic doses recommended by WHO. The usage of agriculture pesticides information was obtained with quesionaire. Biochemical assays indicated that wild population malaria vector collected from Bali and Lombok Island were mostly decreased susceptibility (resistant or tolerance), although there were different level of resistance present and different mechanism occurs. Microplate enzymatic assay on individual Anopheles aconitus and Anopheles subpictus collected from Tabanan and Buleleng, Regency revealed that 16. 66 % and 6,25 %, population were tolerance and resistant respectively due 10 esterase elevated activity mechanism. Base on susceptibility test mortality after the 24 hour recovery period were JOO %/or all insecticide tested. The result suggested that population of An aconitus and Anopheles subpictus collected from Tabanan, and Buleleng, Regency is susceptible to all the insecticide tested. The percentage resistance of Anopheles subpictus collected from West Lombok and East Lombok Regency were 15,15 % and 25,0% population resistant and tolerance respectively due to elevated esterase activity mechanism. Base on susceptibility test mortality after the 24 hour recovery period were 44 % for bendiocarp 0.1 % , 1 DO % for bendiocarp 0, 5 %. 77 % for deltamethrin 0,05 %, 93 % for permethrin 0. 75 % and 78 % for fenithrothion I%. The result suggested that population of An. subpictus collected from East Lombok Regency was resistant to bendiocarp 0,1 %. delthamethrin 0,05 % and fenitrothton 1,0 %.
There was no evidence of an altered acetylcholinesterase (insensitive acetylcholinesterase) mechanism in malaria vectors population from Bali and Lombok Island. This result indicated that agricultural pesticide are the sole source of selection pressure for resistance in malaria vector An. subpictus from East Lombok Regency although breeds on lagoon.

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