Eradikasi Polio Dan IPV (Inactivated Polio Vaccine)

Gendrowahyuhono, Gendrowahyuhono and Harianja, Herna and Anggraini, Nancy Dian (2010) Eradikasi Polio Dan IPV (Inactivated Polio Vaccine). Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, 20 (4). ISSN 0853-9987

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Abstract

In the year 1988, World Health Organization (WHO) claims that polio viruses should be eradicated after year 2000. However, until year 2010 the world have not been free from polio viruses circulation. So many effort had been achieved and it is estimated that the world will be free from polio virus after the year 2013. Control of poliomyelitis in Indonesia has been commenced since 1982 with routine immunization of polio program and the National Immunization Days (NID) has been commenced since 1995,1996,2005 and 2006. When the world is free from polio virus, WHO suggests several alternative effort to maintain the world free from polio viruses : 1) stop the OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine) and no polio immunization, 2) stop OPV and stock pile mOPV (monovalent OPV), 3) use OPV and IPV (Inactivated Polio Vaccine) in a certain times, 4) use IPV only in a certain times. IPV has been used routinely in develop countries but has not been used in the developing countries. Several studies in development countries has been conducted, but had not been done in the developing countries. Indonesia collaboration with WHO has conducted the study of IPV in Yogyakarta Province since year 2002 until year 2010. The overall aim of the study is to compile the necessary data that will inform global and national decision-making regarding future polio immunization policies for the OPV cessation era. The data generated from the study will be particularly important to make decisions regarding optimal IPV use in developing tropical countries. It is unlikely that this data can be assembled through other means than through this study. The tentative result of the study shows that OPV immunization coverage in the year 2004 is 99% in four district and 93 % in the Yogyakarta city. Environment surveillance shows that there are 65.7% polio virus detected from 137 sewage samples pre IPV swich, and 4.8% polio virus detected from 83 sewage samples post IPV swich. Survey polio antibody serologis shows that 100% of children of the study already have antibody against three types of polioviruses. From the result of the study conclude that the study can be continued untill the data can answer the question whether IPV is the only vaccine which can be use after OPV cessation.

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