Vectorial Competence of Anopheles aconitus Donitz (Diptera: Culicidae) in Borobudur Subdistrict, Magelang Regency

Umi, Widyastuti (2003) Vectorial Competence of Anopheles aconitus Donitz (Diptera: Culicidae) in Borobudur Subdistrict, Magelang Regency. Project Report. Balai Besar Peneltian dan Pengembangan Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit Salaitiga.

Abstract

Malaria is a health problem in Magelang Regency, especially in Borobudur Subdistrict. The analysis of Annual Parasite Incidence (API) in the last two years indicated that in 1999, 9 out of 20 Villages in Borobudur Subdistrict were considered as malarious areas with High Case Incidence (HCI) and in the year 2000 increased to 11 villages. The increased of malaria cases in Borobudur Subdistrict were related to the presence of Anopheline mosquitoes which served as potential vectors. Vectorial competence of Anopheline mosquitoes in Borobudur Sub District had not been reported. Anopheles aconitus was very dominant in this area over other species and it was suspected as a potential malaria vector. The objective of this study was to determine vectorial competence of An.aconitus in Borobudur Sub District, by examining the mosquito susceptibility to plasmodia, the anthropophilic, the parity rate and the mosquito density. The susceptibility of mosquito to plasmodia was measured by the detection of sporozoite protein antigen Circum Sporozoite Protein (CSP) of P.falciparum or P. vivax on the head-thorax of all parous mosquitoes. The anthropophilic was measured by detection of human blood on the abdomen of blood fed and half gravid mosquitoes. Both of these were done by the ELISA technique. Study was conducted from January to May 2001 in two HCI villages i.e.: Giripurno and Giritengah, Borobudur Sub District. The Anopheles mosquitoes were collected using resting mosquitoes collection technique both indoor and outdoor, at night (18.00-24.00 o'clock) as well in the morning (06.00-08.00 o'clock) according to the WHO guideline 1992 and 1994. The density of An.aconitus was calculated and its parity was determined by microscopic ovary dissection. The result showed that An.aconitus in Giripurno was susceptible to P. falciparum with sporozoite rate of 0.07 %. However, CSP antigen of P.falciparum was not detected in the head-thorax of mosquitoes from Giripurno. CSP antigen of P.vivax was also negative in the head-thorax of mosquitoes both from Giripurno and Giritengah villages. The proportion of An.aconitus fed on human, Human Blood Index (HBI) were 10.34% in Giripurno and 5,97% in Giritengah. The parity rate of An.aconitus and its density were found higher in Giripurno than that in Giritengah. Based on those 4 components, it is concluded that An.aconitus in Borobudur Sub District is Competent as malaria vector.

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