Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Penyakit-penyakit Zoonosa New Emerging dan Re-emerging di Indonesia

Simanjuntak, Gindo (1997) Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Penyakit-penyakit Zoonosa New Emerging dan Re-emerging di Indonesia. Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan, 25 (3&4). ISSN 0125-9695

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Abstract

Some important zoonotic diseases in Indonesia are Rabies, Plague, Anthrax, Taeniasis/ Cysticercosis and Japanese encephalitis. These diseases are geographycally distributed in some provinces in Indonesia and each disease have its control program. Other zoonoses which are under intensive surveillance are Toxoplasmosis, Leptospirosis, Brucellosis, bovine Tuberculosis and Haemorrhagic Hanta virosis. These diseases have epidemic potential. Plague known foci are in Boyolali Central Java dan Sleman Yogyakarta. In 1987 after 30 years of dormant period an outbreack of plague occured in Pasuruan, East Java with 48 number of cases and 21 deaths. Intensive surveillance on human, rodent and fleas were conducted in three plague foci. Since 1988 no human case of plague is found in Indonesia eventhough antibody against Y. pestis were found positive in human as well as in rodents. Anthrax is distributed geographycally in Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, West and East Nusa Tenggara and Timor Timur. Skin and intestinal Anthrax types are to be found in Indonesia. In 1990 on outbreak of anthrax occured in Central Java and 7 out of 98 cases were fatal. Of 154 (27.9%) out 553 human sera collected from the provinces of West Sumatera, West Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, North Sumatera and North Sulawesi were found positive against toxoplasmosis during the survey conducted in 1995. From the same provinces 152 (19.2%) out of 792 animal sera also were found antibody positive against Toxoplasma gondii. There are about 170 Leptospirosis serotypes known in 1ndonesia. Leptospirosis is geographycally distributed in Central Java, Yogyakarta, West Java, North Sumatera, Riau, Jambi, South Sumatera, Bengkulu, East Kalimantan. Sporadic outbreaks occured in some provinces related to the lack of washing and drinking water in the dry season. Of 10 (1.8%) out 154 serum specimens taken from humans in West Sumatera, West Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, North Sumatera and North Sulawesi in 1995 were found positive against Leptospirosis sp. while 29 (3.7%) out 792 animal sera from the some provinces also were found positive against Leptospirosis sp.

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